The worldwide AIDS pandemic (Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome) has been with us for more than thirty years and approximately 39 million people have died from it. Every year about 1.2 million people worldwide die of AIDS. At least 36.9 million people are infected today and more than 7,000 new infections are reported every day. AIDS is caused by a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that occurs in all disease cases. Activated CD4 + T4 help lymphocytes are the primary targets of HIV but the virus can also infect several other types of cells including macrophages. It is the depletion of T4 support lymphocytes that contributes to patient immunosuppression and the resulting fatal opportunistic infections. HIV is a class of retrovirus, lentivirus. The name lentivirus means slow virus, so-called because it takes a long time for those viruses to cause open disease. Most lentiviruses attack immune system cells, and thus disease is often expressed as immunodeficiency. There are five known lentiviral serogroups infecting primates, sheep and goats, horses, cats, and cattle. HIV is of two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. These cause clinically indistinguishable disease, although HIV-2 is longer in time for disease onset. HIV-1 triggers the worldwide outbreak of HIV and AIDS while HIV-2 is largely limited to West Africa. As a provirus, lentiviruses incorporate in the genome of host cells in the same way as other retroviruses. Unlike other retroviruses, which usually blossom from the infected cell for a long time, HIV may lie dormant in the proviral form within a cell for many years , particularly in resting (memory) CD4 + T4 lymphocytes, and may produce a lifelong infection. When these cells reactivate, virus development occurs again and eventually kills the cell. While HIV may disappear from circulation cells, the absence of chemotherapy continues to cause replication and budding in other tissues. Unlike many other retroviruses, HIV does not spread via the germ line. In the infected patient, HIV may be detected using a polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) that detects viral RNA by the presence of anti-HIV antibodies or by the presence of the virus itself. PCR is particularly reactive and can manifest HIV in conditions where it is not immunologically detectable. This review tells about the future scope of the new invention towards the field of HIV /AIDS and their medicinal treatment. People who are interested can send their article towards our journal for publication through this link https://www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/hiv-aids-research.html.